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The 5 Kinds of Modifications of the Mind

Sutras 6 through 11 of Book One of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 6. [The five kinds of modifications are] right knowledge [pramana], wrong knowledge [viparyaya], fancy [vikalpa], sleep [nidra], and memory [smritaya]. Each of these merits an individual consideration. Pramana includes the means of valid … Continue reading

What is Our Essential Nature as Seer?

Sutras 3 & 4 of Book One of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 3. Then the Seer [Drashta] is established in his own essential and fundamental nature [Swarupa]. Vyasa immediately comments and paraphrases: “Then the power-of-consciousness [chit-shakti] rests in its own nature, as in the … Continue reading

When a Vritti (Mental Ripple) Cannot Arise

Sutra 2 of Book one of the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 2. Yoga is the inhibition of the modifications of the mind. Yogash chitta-vritti-nirodhah. This is almost sure to be misinterpreted in English translations and commentaries, though I cannot say why, unless it is that … Continue reading

Is Yoga a Religion?

It is commonly said that Yoga is not a religion. But since religion is derived from the Latin word religere, which means “to bind back,” and yoga means “joining,” practically speaking yoga is the only religion. The many systems of dogmas and doctrines are by … Continue reading